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• Ncurses Programming
• Dev C++ Ncurses.h
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• Using Ncurses
• Ncurses C++ Example

I need to compile an application with ncurses library and header files. How do I install install ncurses libs and header files on a Linux operating system? How do I write a simple hello world program using the ncurses and compile it on a Linux?

• Ncurses is only a library that helps you manage interactions with the underlying terminal environment. But it doesn't provide a terminal emulator itself. The thing that actually displays stuff on the screen (which in your requirement is listed as 'native resizable win32 windows') is usually called a Terminal Emulator.
• Ncurses (new curses) 'originated as pcurses. And was re-issued as ncurses 1.8.1 in late 1993'. Ncurses is the most widely known implementation of curses, and has motivated further development of other variations, such as BSD curses in the NetBSD project. Although the ncurses library was initially developed under Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, and NetBSD it has been ported to many.

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GNU ncurses is software API for controlling writing to the console screen under Unix, Linux and other operating systems. You can create text-based user interfaces (TUI) on a Linux or Unix-like system using ncurses library. [donotprint][/donotprint]

Installing the ncurses library in Debian/Ubuntu Linux

1. You need to install the following two packages:
   libncurses5-dev : Developer’s libraries for ncurses
   libncursesw5-dev : Developer’s libraries for ncursesw
2. Open the Terminal application.
3. Type the following apt-get command to install ncurses header and libs:
   sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev

Sample outputs:

Installing the ncurses library in CentOS/RHEL/Scientific Linux 6.x/7.x+ and Fedora Linux 21 or older

1. You need to install the following package:
   ncurses-devel : Developer's libraries for ncurses
2. Open the Terminal application.
3. Type the following yum command to install ncurses header and libs:
   sudo yum install ncurses-devel

Sample outputs:

Installing the ncurses library in Fedora Linux 22.x+

1. You need to install the following package:
   ncurses-devel : Developer's libraries for ncurses
2. Open the Terminal application.
3. Type the following dnf command to install ncurses header and libs:
   sudo dnf install ncurses-devel

How do compile C program and use the ncurses library?

Create a test program called hello.c as follows:

First, make sure you install GNU/GCC C compiler on a Linux:

To link to the ncurses library pass the -lncurses option to gcc/cc command:
$ cc -o output input.c -lncurses
$ cc -o hello hello.c -lncurses
Run it:
$ ./hello
Sample outputs:

Here is another program:

Compile and run it as follows:
$ cc -o curwin1 curwin1.c -lncurses
$ ./curwin1
Sample outputs:

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See this page and GNU ncurses project home page for more information.

This entry is 10 of 13 in the Linux GNU/GCC Compilers Tutorial series. Keep reading the rest of the series:

1. How To Install ncurses Library on a Linux

Ncurses Programming

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curses

Live Upgrade (lu) command, built upon FMLI[discuss] which uses Curses
Developer(s)	Ken Arnold
Type	Widget toolkit
Usage

curses is a terminal control library for Unix-like systems, enabling the construction of text user interface (TUI) applications.

The name is a pun on the term “cursor optimization”. It is a library of functions that manage an application's display on character-cell terminals (e.g., VT100).^[1]

Overview[edit]

Using curses, programmers are able to write text-based applications without writing directly for any specific terminal type. The curses library on the executing system sends the correct control characters based on the terminal type. It provides an abstraction of one or more windows that maps onto the terminal screen. Each window is represented by a character matrix. The programmer sets up the desired appearance of each window, then tells the curses package to update the screen. The library determines a minimal set of changes that are needed to update the display and then executes these using the terminal's specific capabilities and control sequences.

Dev C++ Ncurses.h

In short, this means that the programmer simply creates a character matrix of how the screen should look and lets curses handle the work.

The curses API is described in several places.^[2] Most implementations of curses use a database that can describe the capabilities of thousands of different terminals. There are a few implementations, such as PDCurses, which use specialized device drivers rather than a terminal database. Most implementations use terminfo; some use termcap. Curses has the advantage of back-portability to character-cell terminals and simplicity. For an application that does not require bit-mapped graphics or multiple fonts, an interface implementation using curses will usually be much simpler and faster than one using an X toolkit.

History[edit]

The first curses library was written by Ken Arnold and originally released with BSD UNIX, where it was used for several games, most notably Rogue.^[3][4][5] Some improvements were made to the BSD library in the 1990s as '4.4BSD' curses, e.g., to provide more than one type of video highlighting.^{[citation needed]} However, those are not widely used.

The name 'curses' is a pun on cursor optimization.^[6] Sometimes it is incorrectly stated that curses was used by the vi editor. In fact the code in curses that optimizes moving the cursor from one place on the screen to another was borrowed from vi, which predated curses.^[4]

According to Goodheart, Ken Arnold's original implementation of curses started by reusing functions from the termcap library, and adding to that.^[7] A few years later, Mary Ann Horton, who had maintained the vi and termcap sources at Berkeley, went to AT&T Corporation and made a different version using terminfo, which became part of UNIX System III and UNIX System V. Due to licensing restrictions on the latter, the BSD and AT&T versions of the library were developed independently. In addition to the termcap/terminfo improvement, other improvements were made in the AT&T version:

video highlighting (bold, underline)

The BSD version supported only standout.

line-drawing

The BSD version gave little support here.

colors

This was not supported in the BSD version.

AT&T curses development appears to have halted in the mid-1990s when X/Open Curses was defined.^[8] However, development of ncurses and PDCurses continues. A version of BSD curses continues to be maintained in the NetBSD operating system (wide character support, termcap to terminfo migration, etc.).

pcurses and PDCurses[edit]

Different lines of development started by imitating the AT&T curses, from at least three implementations: pcurses by Pavel Curtis (started in 1982), PDCurses (Public Domain curses) by Mark Hessling to support his editor THE (started in 1987) as well as Rexx/Curses,^[9] and PC curses (version 1.4 and earlier by Bjorn Larsson-based inspired by Pavel Curtis' library before 1990.)^{[10][11][discuss]}

ncurses[edit]

ncurses (new curses) 'originated as pcurses .. and was re-issued as ncurses 1.8.1 in late 1993'.^[12] ncurses is the most widely known implementation of curses, and has motivated further development of other variations, such as BSD curses in the NetBSD project.^[13][14]

Dev C++ Cursor

Portability[edit]

Although the ncurses library was initially developed under Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, and NetBSD it has been ported to many other ANSI/POSIX UNIX systems, mainly by Thomas Dickey. PDCurses, while not identical to ncurses, uses the same function calls and operates the same way as ncurses does except that PDCurses targets different devices, e.g., console windows for DOS, Win32, OS/2, as well as X11. Porting between the two is not difficult. For example, the roguelike game ADOM was written for Linux and ncurses, later ported to DOS and PDCurses.^[15][16]

Screenshots[edit]

• Color newsreader interface for tin

• Curses used in Jack

Curses-based software[edit]

Curses-based software is software whose user interface is implemented through the curses library, or a compatible library (such as ncurses).

Curses is designed to facilitate GUI-like functionality on a text-only device, such as a PC running in console mode, a hardware ANSI terminal, a Telnet or SSH client, or similar.

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Curses-based programs often have a user interface that resembles a traditional graphical user interface, including 'widgets' such as text boxes and scrollable lists, rather than the command line interface (CLI) most commonly found on text-only devices. This can make them more user-friendly than a CLI-based program, while still being able to run on text-only devices. Curses-based software can also have a lighter resource footprint and operate on a wider range of systems (both in terms of hardware and software) than their GUI-based counterparts. This includes old pre-1990 machines along with modern embedded systems using text-only displays.

Curses is most commonly associated with Unix-like operating systems, although implementations for Microsoft Windows also exist.

C++ Ncurses Tutorial

See also[edit]

• conio – a similar idea, for DOS
• S-Lang – an interpreted language with some related features
• SMG$ – a similar idea, for OpenVMS
• Newt - a similar text UI library based on the slang library

References[edit]

1. ^Thomas E. Dickey. 'NCURSES - Frequently Asked Questions'.
2. ^John Strang, Programming with curses, O'Reilly, ISBN0-937175-02-1
3. ^Peter H. Salus (October 1994). 'The history of Unix is as much about collaboration as it is about technology'. Byte.
4. ^ ^abArnold, K. C. R. C. (1977). 'Screen Updating and Cursor Movement Optimization: A Library Package'. University of California, Berkeley.Cite journal requires journal= (help)
5. ^Kenneth C. R. C. Arnold; Elan Amir (December 1992). 'Screen Updating and Cursor Movement Optimization: A Library Package'.
6. ^Thomas E. Dickey. 'NCURSES - Frequently Asked Questions'.
7. ^Goodheart, Berny (1991). UNIX Curses Explained. Prentice Hall. p. xi. ISBN0-13-931957-3.
8. ^'X/Open Curses, Issue 4 Version 2, Reference Pages'. The Open Group. 1997.
9. ^Mark Hessling (2008). 'Rexx/Curses'. SourceForge project rexxcurses. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
10. ^F. Ellermann (1993-07-26). 'CURSES.NEW in pccurses.zip'. Retrieved 2014-02-10. based on PC curses (version 1.4) written by Bjorn Larsson^{[permanent dead link]}
11. ^Bjorn Larsson (1990-01-14). 'README.NOW in pccurs14.zip'. Archived from the original on 2014-02-23. Retrieved 2014-02-10. PCcurses is a port/rewrite of Pavel Curtis' [package]
12. ^Thomas E. Dickey (December 1996). 'NCURSES - New Curses'.
13. ^NetBSD project (February 2004). 'CURSES_SCREEN(3), NetBSD Library Functions Manual'.
14. ^Ruibiao Qiu (September 2005). 'NetBSD-SoC: Wide Character Support in NetBSD curses Library'.
15. ^Thomas Biskup (1994–2007). 'ADOM - The Past'. Archived from the original on 2007-10-10. Retrieved 2007-11-16.
16. ^Thomas Biskup (March 15, 1996). 'New Game: ADOM (MS-DOS, MS-Windows, and Linux only)'. Newsgroup: rec.games.roguelike.announce. Retrieved 2007-11-16.

Ncurses Tutorial Pdf

External links[edit]

Using Ncurses

• Curses tutorial (PDF format)

Ncurses C++ Example